CASE FILE CF-AMP-2025
Stimulant CONTROLLED
SUBSTANCE
SPECIMEN IDENTIFICATION

mixed amphetamine salts (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine)

CATEGORY Amphetamine
TARGETS
DOPAMINENOREPINEPHRINETRACE AMOUNTS OF SEROTONIN
BRAND (US) Adderall

Mechanism

Increases release of dopamine Dopamine A neurotransmitter that plays a key role in reward, motivation, and attention. ADHD medications often work by increasing dopamine levels in the brain. and norepinephrine Norepinephrine A neurotransmitter involved in attention, alertness, and the fight-or-flight response. Many ADHD medications increase norepinephrine activity. from nerve terminals; blocks reuptake of these neurotransmitters. The combination of amphetamine salts provides both rapid onset and extended duration.

Chemical Structure

mixed amphetamine salts (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) chemical structure
Molecular Formula C9H13N
SMILES CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N
PubChem Wikipedia

Drug Identifiers (RxNorm)

RxNorm Ingredient
amphetamine RxCUI: 725
Source: NLM RxNorm

Approvals by Region

Region Agency Year Ages Status
🇺🇸 US FDA 1996 3 years and older (IR); 6 years and older (XR) Available
🇨🇳 CN NMPA — — Not Available
🇪🇺 EU EMA — — Not Available
🇯🇵 JP PMDA — — Not Available
🇬🇧 UK MHRA — — Not Available
🇨🇦 CA Health Canada 2004 6 years and older Available

Prescribing Information

1 Indications and Usage

Mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall/Adderall XR) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated for the treatment of: - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in patients 3 years of age and older (IR) or 6 years and older (XR) - Narcolepsy (IR formulation only) The drug contains a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine salts (75% dextroamphetamine, 25% levoamphetamine). ADHD should be diagnosed according to DSM criteria based upon a complete history and evaluation.

2 Dosage and Administration

IMMEDIATE-RELEASE (ADDERALL): - Children 3-5 years: Start 2.5 mg daily; increase by 2.5 mg weekly - Children 6+ years: Start 5 mg once or twice daily; increase by 5 mg weekly - Adults: Start 5 mg once or twice daily; maximum 40 mg/day in divided doses - Usually given in 2-3 divided doses, 4-6 hours apart - First dose upon awakening EXTENDED-RELEASE (ADDERALL XR): - Children 6-12 years: Start 5-10 mg once daily in morning; increase by 5-10 mg weekly; maximum 30 mg/day - Adolescents 13-17 years: Start 10 mg once daily; maximum 20 mg/day - Adults: Start 20 mg once daily in morning; maximum 60 mg/day MYDAYIS (Triple-Bead XR): - Adults: Start 12.5 mg once daily in morning; maximum 50 mg/day - For 16-hour coverage General Instructions: - Take in the morning to avoid insomnia - Extended-release capsules may be opened and sprinkled on applesauce - Swallow applesauce mixture immediately without chewing - Avoid afternoon doses

3 Dosage Forms and Strengths

Immediate-Release Tablets (Adderall): 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 12.5 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg Extended-Release Capsules (Adderall XR): 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg Triple-Bead Extended-Release Capsules (Mydayis): 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 37.5 mg, 50 mg

4 Contraindications

Mixed amphetamine salts are contraindicated in patients with: - Known hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to sympathomimetic amines - Advanced arteriosclerosis, symptomatic cardiovascular disease - Moderate to severe hypertension - Hyperthyroidism - Known hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to the amphetamines - Glaucoma - Agitated states - History of drug abuse - During or within 14 days of treatment with MAOIs

5 Warnings and Precautions

SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIONS: - Sudden death in children and adolescents with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious heart problems - Sudden death, stroke, and myocardial infarction in adults - Avoid in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, or other serious cardiac problems BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE INCREASES: - May cause modest increases in average blood pressure (2-4 mmHg) and heart rate (3-6 bpm) - Monitor blood pressure and pulse at appropriate intervals PSYCHIATRIC ADVERSE REACTIONS: - Exacerbation of Pre-existing Psychosis: May worsen symptoms - Induction of Manic Episode in Bipolar Patients: Screen for bipolar disorder - New Psychotic or Manic Symptoms: May occur at recommended doses LONG-TERM SUPPRESSION OF GROWTH: - Monitor growth in children; consider treatment interruption if growth is not as expected SEIZURES: - May lower convulsive threshold; use caution in patients with history of seizures

6 Adverse Reactions

Most Common Adverse Reactions (≥5%): - Loss of appetite - Difficulty falling asleep - Abdominal pain - Emotional lability - Vomiting - Nervousness - Nausea - Fever Other Notable Adverse Reactions: - Weight loss - Tachycardia - Dry mouth - Headache - Dizziness - Palpitations - Diarrhea or constipation - Restlessness - Erectile dysfunction (adults)

7 Drug Interactions

CONTRAINDICATED: - MAO Inhibitors: Do not use during or within 14 days of MAOI treatment USE WITH CAUTION: - Acidifying agents (GI and urinary): Lower blood levels of amphetamine - Alkalinizing agents: Increase blood levels of amphetamine - Tricyclic antidepressants: Enhanced activity; monitor closely - CYP2D6 inhibitors: May increase exposure to dextroamphetamine - Proton pump inhibitors: May alter absorption of Adderall XR - Antihypertensives: Amphetamines may antagonize effects - Haloperidol: Blocks dopamine receptors, inhibiting stimulant effects - Lithium: May inhibit anorectic and stimulatory effects - Norepinephrine: Enhanced adrenergic effects - Phenobarbital, phenytoin: May delay absorption

8 Use in Specific Populations

PREGNANCY: - Category C. May cause fetal harm. Use only if benefit justifies risk. - Infants born to mothers dependent on amphetamines have increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight. LACTATION: - Amphetamines are excreted in human milk. Not recommended during breastfeeding. PEDIATRIC USE: - IR: Safety established for children 3 years and older - XR: Safety established for children 6 years and older - Long-term effects on growth should be monitored GERIATRIC USE: - Clinical studies did not include sufficient patients 65 and older RENAL IMPAIRMENT: - Prolonged exposure may occur; use with caution

9 Overdosage

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: - Restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, rapid respiration - Confusion, assaultiveness, hallucinations, panic states - Hyperpyrexia, rhabdomyolysis - Cardiovascular effects: arrhythmias, hypertension, hypotension, circulatory collapse - Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps - Fatigue, depression (following initial stimulation) - Convulsions, coma (fatal poisoning usually preceded by convulsions and coma) TREATMENT: - Consult Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) - Manage symptoms and administer supportive care - Gastric lavage or activated charcoal if recent ingestion - External cooling for hyperpyrexia - Maintain adequate circulation and respiratory exchange

10 Clinical Pharmacology

MECHANISM OF ACTION: Amphetamines are non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amines with CNS stimulant activity. The mode of therapeutic action in ADHD is not known. Amphetamines are thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space. COMPOSITION: - 75% dextroamphetamine salts (d-amphetamine) - 25% levoamphetamine salts (l-amphetamine) This ratio provides both rapid onset and extended duration. PHARMACOKINETICS: - Absorption: Well absorbed; peak concentration 3 hours (IR) or 7 hours (XR) - Distribution: Widely distributed; crosses blood-brain barrier - Metabolism: Hepatic via CYP2D6; produces active metabolite norephedrine - Half-life: 9-11 hours (d-amphetamine); 11-14 hours (l-amphetamine) - Excretion: Primarily renal; pH-dependent

11 How Supplied/Storage

STORAGE AND HANDLING: - Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F) - Protect from light and moisture - Dispense in tight, light-resistant container DEA SCHEDULE: - Schedule II Controlled Substance Keep out of reach of children. Store in a secure place.

12 Patient Counseling Information

IMPORTANT PATIENT INFORMATION: 1. ABUSE POTENTIAL: This medicine has high potential for abuse and dependence. Keep secure to prevent misuse. Selling or giving away is illegal and dangerous. 2. CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS: Report immediately any chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting. This is especially important if you have known heart problems. 3. PSYCHIATRIC EFFECTS: Report any new or worsening mental symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, mania, or aggressive behavior. 4. GROWTH MONITORING: Height and weight will be monitored in children during treatment. 5. DOSING: Take exactly as prescribed. First dose upon awakening. Avoid late afternoon/evening doses. Do not crush or chew extended-release capsules. 6. PREGNANCY/NURSING: Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. 7. GENERIC SUBSTITUTION: Extended-release generics may have different release characteristics. Discuss any changes with your doctor. 8. DRIVING: May cause dizziness; use caution until effects are known. 9. MISSED DOSE: If missed in morning, do not take in afternoon/evening. Resume next morning. 10. SUPPLY ISSUES: There have been recurring shortages. Plan ahead for refills.

Travel Information mixed amphetamine salts (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine)
CONTROLLED

Mixed amphetamine salts face severe restrictions internationally. This medication is ILLEGAL in many countries including Japan. Always verify regulations before travel.

Required Documentation

  • Valid prescription Original prescription in original packaging
  • Doctor's letter Detailed letter explaining medical necessity
Maximum Supply 90 days

Region-Specific Rules

🇺🇸 US
🇯🇵 JP
STOP

Mixed amphetamine salts are ILLEGAL in Japan under the Stimulants Control Act (覚醒剤取締法). Do NOT bring this medication to Japan under ANY circumstances. You may face arrest and imprisonment.

Sources: www.ncd.mhlw.go.jp
🇺🇸 US
🇨🇳 CN
STOP

Amphetamines are strictly illegal in China. Severe legal penalties including long prison sentences apply.

Sources: www.china-embassy.org
🇺🇸 US
🇪🇺 EU
STOP

Mixed amphetamine salts are not approved in most EU countries. Even with a prescription, import is typically not permitted. Consider switching to methylphenidate before travel.

Sources: www.emcdda.europa.eu
🇺🇸 US
🇬🇧 UK
CAUTION
📦 Limit 3 months
Requirements:
  • Contact UK Home Office before travel
  • May need special import license

Mixed amphetamine salts are rarely prescribed in UK. Import may be complicated. Consider asking your doctor about alternatives available in UK.

Sources: www.gov.uk
🇺🇸 US
🇦🇺 AU
CAUTION
📦 Limit 3 months
Requirements:
  • Apply to TGA for import permit
  • Declare at customs
  • Carry prescription and doctor's letter

Australia may allow import with proper documentation but verify with TGA before travel.

Sources: www.tga.gov.au
🇺🇸 US
🇨🇦 CA
GO
📦 Limit 90 days
Requirements:
  • Carry medication in original labeled container
  • Bring copy of prescription
  • Quantity for personal use only

Canada-US border crossing is straightforward for personal use quantities with proper documentation.

Sources: www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca
Use Region Checker Tool

Side Effects

COMMON
  • decreased appetite 25-35%
  • insomnia 20-30%
  • dry mouth 15-25%
  • weight loss 10-20%
  • headache 10-15%
  • stomach pain 10-15%
  • anxiety/nervousness 10%
⚠ SERIOUS
  • cardiovascular events Sudden death, stroke, myocardial infarction reported
  • psychiatric symptoms New or worsening psychosis, mania, aggression
  • seizures May lower seizure threshold
  • peripheral vasculopathy Raynaud's phenomenon
  • serotonin syndrome With concurrent serotonergic drugs
! Seek medical attention immediately
Show raw YAML data
ARCHIVE +
FILE: amphetamine-mixed-salts.yaml Last updated: 2025-12-05 
id: amphetamine-mixed-salts
brandNames:
  US:
    - Adderall
    - Adderall XR
    - Mydayis
  CN: []
  EU: []
  JP: []
  UK: []
  AU: []
  CA:
    - Adderall XR
genericName:
  en: mixed amphetamine salts (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine)
  zh: 混合苯丙胺盐（苯丙胺/右旋苯丙胺）
  ja: 混合アンフェタミン塩（アンフェタミン/デキストロアンフェタミン）
manufacturers:
  - name: Teva Pharmaceuticals
    region: US
    product: Adderall/Adderall XR
  - name: Takeda (formerly Shire)
    region: US
    product: Mydayis
chemicalStructure:
  smiles: CC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)N
  pubchemCid: 3007
  molecularFormula: C9H13N
  imageUrl: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/rest/pug/compound/cid/3007/PNG
  wikipediaUrl: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Amphetamine-2D-skeletal.svg
drugClass: stimulant
drugClassLabel:
  en: Stimulant
  zh: 兴奋剂
  ja: 中枢刺激薬
category: amphetamine
categoryLabel:
  en: Amphetamine
  zh: 苯丙胺类
  ja: アンフェタミン系
controlledSubstance: true
schedule:
  US: Schedule II
  CN: Illegal/Not approved
  EU: Varies; generally not available
  JP: Illegal (覚醒剤取締法)
  UK: Class B, Schedule 2 (rarely prescribed)
activeIngredient:
  en: mixed amphetamine salts (75% dextroamphetamine, 25% levoamphetamine)
  zh: 混合苯丙胺盐（75%右旋苯丙胺，25%左旋苯丙胺）
  ja: 混合アンフェタミン塩（75%デキストロアンフェタミン、25%レボアンフェタミン）
mechanismOfAction:
  en: Increases release of dopamine and norepinephrine from nerve terminals; blocks reuptake of these neurotransmitters. The combination of amphetamine salts provides both rapid onset and extended duration.
  zh: 增加神经末梢多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素的释放；阻断这些神经递质的再摄取。混合苯丙胺盐的组合提供快速起效和持久作用。
  ja: 神経末端からのドーパミンとノルエピネフリンの放出を増加させ、これらの神経伝達物質の再取り込みを阻害します。アンフェタミン塩の組み合わせにより、迅速な効果発現と持続的な作用を提供します。
neurotransmittersAffected:
  - dopamine
  - norepinephrine
  - trace amounts of serotonin
forms:
  - type: tablet
    typeLabel:
      en: Tablet
      zh: 片剂
      ja: 錠剤
    releaseType: immediate
    releaseTypeLabel:
      en: Immediate Release
      zh: 速释
      ja: 即放性
    brandName: Adderall
    strengths:
      - 5mg
      - 7.5mg
      - 10mg
      - 12.5mg
      - 15mg
      - 20mg
      - 30mg
    durationHours: 4-6
    notes:
      en: Usually taken 2-3 times daily
      zh: 通常每日服用2-3次
      ja: 通常1日2〜3回服用
  - type: capsule
    typeLabel:
      en: Capsule
      zh: 胶囊
      ja: カプセル
    releaseType: extended
    releaseTypeLabel:
      en: Extended Release
      zh: 缓释
      ja: 徐放性
    brandName: Adderall XR
    strengths:
      - 5mg
      - 10mg
      - 15mg
      - 20mg
      - 25mg
      - 30mg
    durationHours: 10-12
    notes:
      en: Once daily; can be opened and sprinkled on food
      zh: 每日一次；可打开撒在食物上
      ja: 1日1回；カプセルを開けて食べ物にふりかけることができます
  - type: capsule
    typeLabel:
      en: Capsule
      zh: 胶囊
      ja: カプセル
    releaseType: extended
    releaseTypeLabel:
      en: Extended Release
      zh: 缓释
      ja: 徐放性
    brandName: Mydayis
    strengths:
      - 12.5mg
      - 25mg
      - 37.5mg
      - 50mg
    durationHours: 16
    notes:
      en: Triple-bead formulation for 16-hour coverage
      zh: 三层微珠制剂，提供16小时覆盖
      ja: 16時間カバーのためのトリプルビーズ製剤
onsetMinutes: 30-60
peakEffectHours: 3
durationHours: 4-6
sideEffects:
  common:
    - name:
        en: decreased appetite
        zh: 食欲下降
        ja: 食欲減退
      frequency: 25-35%
    - name:
        en: insomnia
        zh: 失眠
        ja: 不眠
      frequency: 20-30%
    - name:
        en: dry mouth
        zh: 口干
        ja: 口渇
      frequency: 15-25%
    - name:
        en: weight loss
        zh: 体重减轻
        ja: 体重減少
      frequency: 10-20%
    - name:
        en: headache
        zh: 头痛
        ja: 頭痛
      frequency: 10-15%
    - name:
        en: stomach pain
        zh: 胃痛
        ja: 胃痛
      frequency: 10-15%
    - name:
        en: anxiety/nervousness
        zh: 焦虑/紧张
        ja: 不安/緊張
      frequency: 10%
  uncommon:
    - name:
        en: tachycardia
        zh: 心动过速
        ja: 頻脈
      frequency: 5-10%
    - name:
        en: mood swings
        zh: 情绪波动
        ja: 気分変動
      frequency: 5-10%
    - name:
        en: dizziness
        zh: 头晕
        ja: めまい
      frequency: 5%
    - name:
        en: restlessness
        zh: 烦躁不安
        ja: 落ち着きのなさ
      frequency: 5%
  serious:
    - name:
        en: cardiovascular events
        zh: 心血管事件
        ja: 心血管イベント
      notes:
        en: Sudden death, stroke, myocardial infarction reported
        zh: 有猝死、中风、心肌梗死报告
        ja: 突然死、脳卒中、心筋梗塞の報告あり
    - name:
        en: psychiatric symptoms
        zh: 精神症状
        ja: 精神症状
      notes:
        en: New or worsening psychosis, mania, aggression
        zh: 新发或加重的精神病、躁狂、攻击性
        ja: 新規または悪化する精神病、躁病、攻撃性
    - name:
        en: seizures
        zh: 癫痫发作
        ja: 発作
      notes:
        en: May lower seizure threshold
        zh: 可能降低癫痫阈值
        ja: 発作閾値を下げる可能性
    - name:
        en: peripheral vasculopathy
        zh: 外周血管病变
        ja: 末梢血管障害
      notes:
        en: Raynaud's phenomenon
        zh: 雷诺现象
        ja: レイノー現象
    - name:
        en: serotonin syndrome
        zh: 血清素综合征
        ja: セロトニン症候群
      notes:
        en: With concurrent serotonergic drugs
        zh: 与血清素能药物联用时
        ja: セロトニン作動薬との併用時
contraindications:
  en:
    - Hypersensitivity to amphetamines
    - MAO inhibitor use within 14 days
    - Advanced arteriosclerosis
    - Symptomatic cardiovascular disease
    - Moderate to severe hypertension
    - Hyperthyroidism
    - Glaucoma
    - Agitated states
    - History of drug abuse
  zh:
    - 对苯丙胺类过敏
    - 14天内使用过MAO抑制剂
    - 晚期动脉硬化
    - 有症状的心血管疾病
    - 中度至重度高血压
    - 甲状腺功能亢进
    - 青光眼
    - 激动状态
    - 药物滥用史
  ja:
    - アンフェタミン類に対する過敏症
    - 14日以内のMAO阻害剤使用
    - 進行性動脈硬化
    - 症候性心血管疾患
    - 中等度から重度の高血圧
    - 甲状腺機能亢進症
    - 緑内障
    - 興奮状態
    - 薬物乱用歴
drugInteractions:
  - drug:
      en: MAO inhibitors
      zh: MAO抑制剂
      ja: MAO阻害剤
    severity: major
    effect:
      en: Hypertensive crisis
      zh: 高血压危象
      ja: 高血圧クリーゼ
  - drug:
      en: Serotonergic drugs
      zh: 血清素能药物
      ja: セロトニン作動薬
    severity: major
    effect:
      en: Serotonin syndrome risk
      zh: 血清素综合征风险
      ja: セロトニン症候群のリスク
  - drug:
      en: Acidifying agents (vitamin C)
      zh: 酸化剂（维生素C）
      ja: 酸性化剤（ビタミンC）
    severity: moderate
    effect:
      en: Decrease amphetamine levels
      zh: 降低苯丙胺血药浓度
      ja: アンフェタミン濃度の低下
  - drug:
      en: Alkalinizing agents
      zh: 碱化剂
      ja: アルカリ化剤
    severity: moderate
    effect:
      en: Increase amphetamine levels
      zh: 增加苯丙胺血药浓度
      ja: アンフェタミン濃度の上昇
  - drug:
      en: Tricyclic antidepressants
      zh: 三环类抗抑郁药
      ja: 三環系抗うつ薬
    severity: moderate
    effect:
      en: Enhanced TCA effects
      zh: 三环类抗抑郁药作用增强
      ja: TCA作用の増強
blackBoxWarnings:
  en:
    - High potential for abuse and dependence
    - Sudden death and serious cardiovascular adverse events
  zh:
    - 高度滥用和依赖风险
    - 猝死和严重心血管不良事件
  ja:
    - 乱用および依存の可能性が高い
    - 突然死および重篤な心血管有害事象
pregnancyCategory: C
foodInteractions:
  en: Avoid vitamin C, citrus, acidic foods within 1 hour of dosing (reduces absorption)
  zh: 服药前后1小时内避免维生素C、柑橘类、酸性食物（降低吸收）
  ja: 服用前後1時間以内はビタミンC、柑橘類、酸性食品を避ける（吸収低下）
typicalDosing:
  children:
    startingDose: 5mg once or twice daily (IR) or 10mg once daily (XR)
    maxDose: 30mg/day (children 6-12) or 40mg/day (adolescents)
    notes:
      en: Start low, increase by 5-10mg weekly
      zh: 从低剂量开始，每周增加5-10mg
      ja: 低用量から開始し、毎週5〜10mg増量
  adults:
    startingDose: 5-10mg twice daily (IR) or 20mg once daily (XR)
    maxDose: 40mg/day (IR) or 60mg/day (XR)
    notes:
      en: Higher doses may be needed for adults
      zh: 成人可能需要更高剂量
      ja: 成人は高用量が必要な場合がある
costEstimate:
  US:
    brand: $350-450/month
    generic: $30-80/month
  CN:
    brand: Not available
    generic: Not available
storageRequirements:
  en: Room temperature (20-25°C), protect from light and moisture
  zh: 室温保存（20-25°C），避光避湿
  ja: 室温（20-25°C）で保存、光と湿気を避ける
approvals:
  - region: US
    agency: FDA
    year: 1996
    approvedAges:
      en: 3 years and older (IR); 6 years and older (XR)
      zh: 3岁及以上（速释）；6岁及以上（缓释）
      ja: 3歳以上（IR）；6歳以上（XR）
    indications:
      en:
        - ADHD
        - Narcolepsy (IR only)
      zh:
        - 注意缺陷多动障碍
        - 发作性睡病（仅速释）
      ja:
        - ADHD
        - ナルコレプシー（IRのみ）
    available: true
    notes:
      en: Adderall XR approved 2001; Mydayis approved 2017
      zh: Adderall XR于2001年获批；Mydayis于2017年获批
      ja: Adderall XRは2001年承認；Mydayisは2017年承認
  - region: CN
    agency: NMPA
    year:
    approvedAges:
      en: ""
      zh: ""
      ja: ""
    indications:
      en: []
      zh: []
      ja: []
    available: false
    notes:
      en: Not approved; amphetamines are controlled substances
      zh: 未批准；苯丙胺类为管制物质
      ja: 未承認；アンフェタミン類は規制物質
  - region: EU
    agency: EMA
    year:
    approvedAges:
      en: ""
      zh: ""
      ja: ""
    indications:
      en: []
      zh: []
      ja: []
    available: false
    notes:
      en: Not approved in most EU countries; some exceptions
      zh: 大多数欧盟国家未批准；少数例外
      ja: ほとんどのEU諸国で未承認；一部例外あり
  - region: JP
    agency: PMDA
    year:
    approvedAges:
      en: ""
      zh: ""
      ja: ""
    indications:
      en: []
      zh: []
      ja: []
    available: false
    notes:
      en: Illegal in Japan under Stimulants Control Act (覚醒剤取締法)
      zh: 在日本根据《兴奋剂取缔法》（覚醒剤取締法）为非法
      ja: 覚醒剤取締法により日本では違法
  - region: UK
    agency: MHRA
    year:
    approvedAges:
      en: ""
      zh: ""
      ja: ""
    indications:
      en: []
      zh: []
      ja: []
    available: false
    notes:
      en: Rarely prescribed; dexamphetamine preferred
      zh: 很少处方；首选右旋苯丙胺
      ja: 処方されることは稀；デキストロアンフェタミンが優先
  - region: CA
    agency: Health Canada
    year: 2004
    approvedAges:
      en: 6 years and older
      zh: 6岁及以上
      ja: 6歳以上
    indications:
      en:
        - ADHD
      zh:
        - 注意缺陷多动障碍
      ja:
        - ADHD
    available: true
    notes:
      en: Adderall XR only; IR not available
      zh: 仅有Adderall XR；速释制剂不可用
      ja: Adderall XRのみ；IRは利用不可
specialConsiderations:
  cardiacRisk:
    en: Higher cardiovascular risk than some alternatives; screen before starting
    zh: 心血管风险高于部分替代药物；开始前需筛查
    ja: 一部の代替薬より心血管リスクが高い；開始前にスクリーニングが必要
  abuseRisk:
    en: High abuse potential; one of the most commonly misused ADHD medications
    zh: 高滥用风险；是最常被滥用的ADHD药物之一
    ja: 乱用の可能性が高い；最も一般的に乱用されるADHD薬の一つ
  withdrawalNotes:
    en: Crash, fatigue, depression on discontinuation; no severe physical withdrawal
    zh: 停药时出现崩溃感、疲劳、抑郁；无严重身体戒断症状
    ja: 中止時にクラッシュ、疲労、うつが発生；重度の身体的離脱症状はない
  monitoringRequired:
    en: Height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, psychiatric symptoms
    zh: 身高、体重、血压、心率、精神症状
    ja: 身長、体重、血圧、心拍数、精神症状
travelRules:
  generalAdvice:
    en: Mixed amphetamine salts face severe restrictions internationally. This medication is ILLEGAL in many countries including Japan. Always verify regulations before travel.
    zh: 混合苯丙胺盐在国际上面临严格限制。此药物在日本等许多国家是非法的。旅行前务必核实相关规定。
    ja: 混合アンフェタミン塩は国際的に厳しい制限があります。この薬は日本を含む多くの国で違法です。旅行前に必ず規制を確認してください。
  requiredDocumentation:
    - type: prescription
      typeLabel:
        en: Valid prescription
        zh: 有效处方
        ja: 有効な処方箋
      notes:
        en: Original prescription in original packaging
        zh: 原始处方和原包装
        ja: 元の処方箋と元のパッケージ
    - type: medical_letter
      typeLabel:
        en: Doctor's letter
        zh: 医生证明信
        ja: 医師の診断書
      notes:
        en: Detailed letter explaining medical necessity
        zh: 详细说明医疗必要性的证明信
        ja: 医学的必要性を説明する詳細な手紙
  maxPersonalSupply:
    default: 90 days
    byRegion:
      CA: 90 days
  crossBorderRules:
    - fromRegion: US
      toRegion: JP
      status: prohibited
      statusLabel:
        en: Prohibited - Illegal
        zh: 禁止 - 非法
        ja: 禁止 - 違法
      requirements:
        en: []
        zh: []
        ja: []
      notes:
        en: Mixed amphetamine salts are ILLEGAL in Japan under the Stimulants Control Act (覚醒剤取締法). Do NOT bring this medication to Japan under ANY circumstances. You may face arrest and imprisonment.
        zh: 混合苯丙胺盐根据日本《兴奋剂取缔法》（覚醒剤取締法）是非法的。任何情况下都不要将此药物带入日本。您可能面临逮捕和监禁。
        ja: 混合アンフェタミン塩は覚醒剤取締法により日本では違法です。いかなる状況下でもこの薬を日本に持ち込まないでください。逮捕・投獄される可能性があります。
      sources:
        - https://www.ncd.mhlw.go.jp/en/application.html
    - fromRegion: US
      toRegion: CN
      status: prohibited
      statusLabel:
        en: Prohibited
        zh: 禁止
        ja: 禁止
      requirements:
        en: []
        zh: []
        ja: []
      notes:
        en: Amphetamines are strictly illegal in China. Severe legal penalties including long prison sentences apply.
        zh: 苯丙胺类药物在中国严格违禁。将面临包括长期监禁在内的严厉法律处罚。
        ja: アンフェタミン類は中国で厳格に違法です。長期の懲役刑を含む厳しい法的処罰が科されます。
      sources:
        - https://www.china-embassy.org/eng/
    - fromRegion: US
      toRegion: EU
      status: prohibited
      statusLabel:
        en: Generally Not Allowed
        zh: 一般不允许
        ja: 通常許可されない
      requirements:
        en: []
        zh: []
        ja: []
      notes:
        en: Mixed amphetamine salts are not approved in most EU countries. Even with a prescription, import is typically not permitted. Consider switching to methylphenidate before travel.
        zh: 混合苯丙胺盐在大多数欧盟国家未获批准。即使有处方，进口通常也不被允许。考虑在旅行前换用哌甲酯。
        ja: 混合アンフェタミン塩はほとんどのEU諸国で承認されていません。処方箋があっても、通常輸入は許可されません。旅行前にメチルフェニデートへの切り替えを検討してください。
      sources:
        - https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/
    - fromRegion: US
      toRegion: UK
      status: restricted
      statusLabel:
        en: Restricted - Rarely Permitted
        zh: 受限 - 很少允许
        ja: 制限あり - 許可されることは稀
      requirements:
        en:
          - Contact UK Home Office before travel
          - May need special import license
        zh:
          - 旅行前联系英国内政部
          - 可能需要特殊进口许可证
        ja:
          - 旅行前に英国内務省に連絡
          - 特別な輸入許可が必要な場合あり
      maxSupply: 3 months
      notes:
        en: Mixed amphetamine salts are rarely prescribed in UK. Import may be complicated. Consider asking your doctor about alternatives available in UK.
        zh: 混合苯丙胺盐在英国很少处方。进口可能很复杂。考虑向医生咨询英国可用的替代药物。
        ja: 混合アンフェタミン塩は英国でほとんど処方されません。輸入は複雑な場合があります。英国で利用可能な代替薬について医師に相談してください。
      sources:
        - https://www.gov.uk/travelling-controlled-drugs
    - fromRegion: US
      toRegion: AU
      status: restricted
      statusLabel:
        en: Restricted - Special Permission Needed
        zh: 受限 - 需要特别许可
        ja: 制限あり - 特別許可が必要
      requirements:
        en:
          - Apply to TGA for import permit
          - Declare at customs
          - Carry prescription and doctor's letter
        zh:
          - 向TGA申请进口许可
          - 在海关申报
          - 携带处方和医生证明信
        ja:
          - TGAに輸入許可を申請
          - 税関で申告
          - 処方箋と医師の手紙を携帯
      maxSupply: 3 months
      notes:
        en: Australia may allow import with proper documentation but verify with TGA before travel.
        zh: 澳大利亚可能允许携带适当文件入境，但旅行前请向TGA核实。
        ja: オーストラリアは適切な書類があれば輸入を許可する場合がありますが、旅行前にTGAに確認してください。
      sources:
        - https://www.tga.gov.au/entering-australia
    - fromRegion: US
      toRegion: CA
      status: allowed
      statusLabel:
        en: Allowed with Prescription
        zh: 凭处方允许
        ja: 処方箋があれば許可
      requirements:
        en:
          - Carry medication in original labeled container
          - Bring copy of prescription
          - Quantity for personal use only
        zh:
          - 携带原标签容器中的药物
          - 携带处方副本
          - 仅限个人使用量
        ja:
          - 元のラベル付き容器で薬を携帯
          - 処方箋のコピーを持参
          - 個人使用分のみ
      maxSupply: 90 days
      notes:
        en: Canada-US border crossing is straightforward for personal use quantities with proper documentation.
        zh: 携带适当文件过加美边境，个人使用量较为简单。
        ja: 適切な書類があれば、個人使用量でのカナダ-米国国境通過は簡単です。
      sources:
        - https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/
rxnormData:
  ingredientRxcui: "725"
  ingredientName: amphetamine
  rxcuiMappings:
    - rxcui: "725"
      name: amphetamine
      tty: IN
      description: Base ingredient
    - rxcui: "1600688"
      name: Evekeo
      tty: BN
      description: Brand name
    - rxcui: "1720587"
      name: Dyanavel
      tty: BN
      description: Brand name
    - rxcui: "1739804"
      name: Adzenys
      tty: BN
      description: Brand name
    - rxcui: "1927611"
      name: Mydayis
      tty: BN
      description: Brand name
    - rxcui: "84815"
      name: Adderall
      tty: BN
      description: Brand name
    - rxcui: "221057"
      name: amphetamine aspartate
      tty: PIN
      description: Precise ingredient (includes salt form)
    - rxcui: "405812"
      name: amphetamine aspartate monohydrate
      tty: PIN
      description: Precise ingredient (includes salt form)
    - rxcui: "540810"
      name: amphetamine saccharate
      tty: PIN
      description: Precise ingredient (includes salt form)
    - rxcui: "81952"
      name: amphetamine sulfate
      tty: PIN
      description: Precise ingredient (includes salt form)
    - rxcui: "1009147"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 1.875 MG / amphetamine sulfate 1.875 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.875 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.875 MG Oral Tablet [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1600698"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 10 MG Oral Tablet [Evekeo]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1600700"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 5 MG Oral Tablet [Evekeo]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1720592"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 2.5 MG/ML Extended Release Suspension [Dyanavel]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739809"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 12.5 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739815"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 15.7 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739821"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 18.8 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739827"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 3.1 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739833"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 6.3 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739839"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 9.4 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1927616"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 12.5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 12.5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 12.5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 12.5 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule [Mydayis]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1927619"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 6.25 MG / amphetamine sulfate 6.25 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 6.25 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 6.25 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule [Mydayis]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1927632"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 3.125 MG / amphetamine sulfate 3.125 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.125 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.125 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule [Mydayis]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1927639"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 9.375 MG / amphetamine sulfate 9.375 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 9.375 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 9.375 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule [Mydayis]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2175796"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 10 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet [Evekeo]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2175891"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 15 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet [Evekeo]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2175893"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 20 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet [Evekeo]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2175894"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 5 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet [Evekeo]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2585461"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 10 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Dyanavel]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2585465"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 15 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Dyanavel]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2585471"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 20 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Dyanavel]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2585476"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 5 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Dyanavel]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "541365"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 7.5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 7.5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 7.5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 7.5 MG Oral Tablet [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "541879"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 1.25 MG / amphetamine sulfate 1.25 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.25 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.25 MG Oral Tablet [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "541894"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 2.5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 2.5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 2.5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 2.5 MG Oral Tablet [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "577960"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 3.75 MG / amphetamine sulfate 3.75 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.75 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.75 MG Oral Tablet [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "577962"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 5 MG Oral Tablet [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "687045"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 3.125 MG / amphetamine sulfate 3.125 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.125 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.125 MG Oral Tablet [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861222"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 2.5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 2.5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 2.5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 2.5 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861224"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 3.75 MG / amphetamine sulfate 3.75 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.75 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.75 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861226"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 5 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861228"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 6.25 MG / amphetamine sulfate 6.25 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 6.25 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 6.25 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861233"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 7.5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 7.5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 7.5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 7.5 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861238"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 1.25 MG / amphetamine sulfate 1.25 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.25 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.25 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      description: Branded drug (brand + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1600697"
      name: amphetamine Oral Tablet [Evekeo]
      tty: SBDF
      description: Branded ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "1720589"
      name: amphetamine Extended Release Suspension [Dyanavel]
      tty: SBDF
      description: Branded ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "1739806"
      name: amphetamine Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBDF
      description: Branded ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "1927613"
      name: amphetamine / dextroamphetamine Extended Release Oral Capsule [Mydayis]
      tty: SBDF
      description: Branded ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "2175794"
      name: amphetamine Disintegrating Oral Tablet [Evekeo]
      tty: SBDF
      description: Branded ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "2585458"
      name: amphetamine Extended Release Oral Tablet [Dyanavel]
      tty: SBDF
      description: Branded ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "540479"
      name: amphetamine / dextroamphetamine Extended Release Oral Capsule [Adderall]
      tty: SBDF
      description: Branded ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "577959"
      name: amphetamine / dextroamphetamine Oral Tablet [Adderall]
      tty: SBDF
      description: Branded ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "1009145"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 1.875 MG / amphetamine sulfate 1.875 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.875 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.875 MG Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1600695"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 10 MG Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1720586"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 2.5 MG/ML Extended Release Suspension
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739803"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 12.5 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739813"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 15.7 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739819"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 18.8 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739825"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 3.1 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739831"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 6.3 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1739837"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 9.4 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1927610"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 12.5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 12.5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 12.5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 12.5 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1927617"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 6.25 MG / amphetamine sulfate 6.25 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 6.25 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 6.25 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1927630"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 3.125 MG / amphetamine sulfate 3.125 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.125 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.125 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1927637"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 9.375 MG / amphetamine sulfate 9.375 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 9.375 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 9.375 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1945840"
      name: amphetamine 1.25 MG/ML Extended Release Suspension
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2118895"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 5 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2118896"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 10 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2118898"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 15 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2118900"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 20 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2585460"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 10 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2585462"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 15 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2585468"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 20 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "2585473"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 5 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "541363"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 7.5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 7.5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 7.5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 7.5 MG Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "541878"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 1.25 MG / amphetamine sulfate 1.25 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.25 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.25 MG Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "541892"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 2.5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 2.5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 2.5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 2.5 MG Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "577957"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 3.75 MG / amphetamine sulfate 3.75 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.75 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.75 MG Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "577961"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 5 MG Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "687043"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 3.125 MG / amphetamine sulfate 3.125 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.125 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.125 MG Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861221"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 2.5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 2.5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 2.5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 2.5 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861223"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 3.75 MG / amphetamine sulfate 3.75 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.75 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.75 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861225"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 5 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861227"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 6.25 MG / amphetamine sulfate 6.25 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 6.25 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 6.25 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861232"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 7.5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 7.5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 7.5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 7.5 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "861237"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 1.25 MG / amphetamine sulfate 1.25 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.25 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.25 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "884655"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 5 MG Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      description: Clinical drug (ingredient + strength + form)
    - rxcui: "1720585"
      name: amphetamine Extended Release Suspension
      tty: SCDF
      description: Ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "1739802"
      name: amphetamine Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCDF
      description: Ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "2118894"
      name: amphetamine Disintegrating Oral Tablet
      tty: SCDF
      description: Ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "370893"
      name: amphetamine Oral Tablet
      tty: SCDF
      description: Ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "376410"
      name: amphetamine / dextroamphetamine Oral Tablet
      tty: SCDF
      description: Ingredient + dose form
    - rxcui: "378856"
      name: amphetamine / dextroamphetamine Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCDF
      description: Ingredient + dose form
instructions:
  indicationsAndUsage:
    en: |
      Mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall/Adderall XR) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant indicated for the treatment of:
      - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in patients 3 years of age and older (IR) or 6 years and older (XR)
      - Narcolepsy (IR formulation only)

      The drug contains a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine salts (75% dextroamphetamine, 25% levoamphetamine). ADHD should be diagnosed according to DSM criteria based upon a complete history and evaluation.
  dosageAndAdministration:
    en: |
      IMMEDIATE-RELEASE (ADDERALL):
      - Children 3-5 years: Start 2.5 mg daily; increase by 2.5 mg weekly
      - Children 6+ years: Start 5 mg once or twice daily; increase by 5 mg weekly
      - Adults: Start 5 mg once or twice daily; maximum 40 mg/day in divided doses
      - Usually given in 2-3 divided doses, 4-6 hours apart
      - First dose upon awakening

      EXTENDED-RELEASE (ADDERALL XR):
      - Children 6-12 years: Start 5-10 mg once daily in morning; increase by 5-10 mg weekly; maximum 30 mg/day
      - Adolescents 13-17 years: Start 10 mg once daily; maximum 20 mg/day
      - Adults: Start 20 mg once daily in morning; maximum 60 mg/day

      MYDAYIS (Triple-Bead XR):
      - Adults: Start 12.5 mg once daily in morning; maximum 50 mg/day
      - For 16-hour coverage

      General Instructions:
      - Take in the morning to avoid insomnia
      - Extended-release capsules may be opened and sprinkled on applesauce
      - Swallow applesauce mixture immediately without chewing
      - Avoid afternoon doses
  dosageForms:
    en: |
      Immediate-Release Tablets (Adderall): 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 12.5 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg
      Extended-Release Capsules (Adderall XR): 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg
      Triple-Bead Extended-Release Capsules (Mydayis): 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 37.5 mg, 50 mg
  contraindications:
    en: |
      Mixed amphetamine salts are contraindicated in patients with:
      - Known hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to sympathomimetic amines
      - Advanced arteriosclerosis, symptomatic cardiovascular disease
      - Moderate to severe hypertension
      - Hyperthyroidism
      - Known hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to the amphetamines
      - Glaucoma
      - Agitated states
      - History of drug abuse
      - During or within 14 days of treatment with MAOIs
  warningsAndPrecautions:
    en: |
      SERIOUS CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIONS:
      - Sudden death in children and adolescents with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious heart problems
      - Sudden death, stroke, and myocardial infarction in adults
      - Avoid in patients with known structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, or other serious cardiac problems

      BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE INCREASES:
      - May cause modest increases in average blood pressure (2-4 mmHg) and heart rate (3-6 bpm)
      - Monitor blood pressure and pulse at appropriate intervals

      PSYCHIATRIC ADVERSE REACTIONS:
      - Exacerbation of Pre-existing Psychosis: May worsen symptoms
      - Induction of Manic Episode in Bipolar Patients: Screen for bipolar disorder
      - New Psychotic or Manic Symptoms: May occur at recommended doses

      LONG-TERM SUPPRESSION OF GROWTH:
      - Monitor growth in children; consider treatment interruption if growth is not as expected

      SEIZURES:
      - May lower convulsive threshold; use caution in patients with history of seizures
  adverseReactions:
    en: |
      Most Common Adverse Reactions (≥5%):
      - Loss of appetite
      - Difficulty falling asleep
      - Abdominal pain
      - Emotional lability
      - Vomiting
      - Nervousness
      - Nausea
      - Fever

      Other Notable Adverse Reactions:
      - Weight loss
      - Tachycardia
      - Dry mouth
      - Headache
      - Dizziness
      - Palpitations
      - Diarrhea or constipation
      - Restlessness
      - Erectile dysfunction (adults)
  drugInteractions:
    en: |
      CONTRAINDICATED:
      - MAO Inhibitors: Do not use during or within 14 days of MAOI treatment

      USE WITH CAUTION:
      - Acidifying agents (GI and urinary): Lower blood levels of amphetamine
      - Alkalinizing agents: Increase blood levels of amphetamine
      - Tricyclic antidepressants: Enhanced activity; monitor closely
      - CYP2D6 inhibitors: May increase exposure to dextroamphetamine
      - Proton pump inhibitors: May alter absorption of Adderall XR
      - Antihypertensives: Amphetamines may antagonize effects
      - Haloperidol: Blocks dopamine receptors, inhibiting stimulant effects
      - Lithium: May inhibit anorectic and stimulatory effects
      - Norepinephrine: Enhanced adrenergic effects
      - Phenobarbital, phenytoin: May delay absorption
  useInSpecificPopulations:
    en: |
      PREGNANCY:
      - Category C. May cause fetal harm. Use only if benefit justifies risk.
      - Infants born to mothers dependent on amphetamines have increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight.

      LACTATION:
      - Amphetamines are excreted in human milk. Not recommended during breastfeeding.

      PEDIATRIC USE:
      - IR: Safety established for children 3 years and older
      - XR: Safety established for children 6 years and older
      - Long-term effects on growth should be monitored

      GERIATRIC USE:
      - Clinical studies did not include sufficient patients 65 and older

      RENAL IMPAIRMENT:
      - Prolonged exposure may occur; use with caution
  overdosage:
    en: |
      SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
      - Restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, rapid respiration
      - Confusion, assaultiveness, hallucinations, panic states
      - Hyperpyrexia, rhabdomyolysis
      - Cardiovascular effects: arrhythmias, hypertension, hypotension, circulatory collapse
      - Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps
      - Fatigue, depression (following initial stimulation)
      - Convulsions, coma (fatal poisoning usually preceded by convulsions and coma)

      TREATMENT:
      - Consult Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222)
      - Manage symptoms and administer supportive care
      - Gastric lavage or activated charcoal if recent ingestion
      - External cooling for hyperpyrexia
      - Maintain adequate circulation and respiratory exchange
  clinicalPharmacology:
    en: |
      MECHANISM OF ACTION:
      Amphetamines are non-catecholamine sympathomimetic amines with CNS stimulant activity. The mode of therapeutic action in ADHD is not known. Amphetamines are thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space.

      COMPOSITION:
      - 75% dextroamphetamine salts (d-amphetamine)
      - 25% levoamphetamine salts (l-amphetamine)
      This ratio provides both rapid onset and extended duration.

      PHARMACOKINETICS:
      - Absorption: Well absorbed; peak concentration 3 hours (IR) or 7 hours (XR)
      - Distribution: Widely distributed; crosses blood-brain barrier
      - Metabolism: Hepatic via CYP2D6; produces active metabolite norephedrine
      - Half-life: 9-11 hours (d-amphetamine); 11-14 hours (l-amphetamine)
      - Excretion: Primarily renal; pH-dependent
  howSupplied:
    en: |
      STORAGE AND HANDLING:
      - Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F); excursions permitted to 15-30°C (59-86°F)
      - Protect from light and moisture
      - Dispense in tight, light-resistant container

      DEA SCHEDULE:
      - Schedule II Controlled Substance

      Keep out of reach of children. Store in a secure place.
  patientCounselingInfo:
    en: |
      IMPORTANT PATIENT INFORMATION:

      1. ABUSE POTENTIAL: This medicine has high potential for abuse and dependence. Keep secure to prevent misuse. Selling or giving away is illegal and dangerous.

      2. CARDIOVASCULAR RISKS: Report immediately any chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting. This is especially important if you have known heart problems.

      3. PSYCHIATRIC EFFECTS: Report any new or worsening mental symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, mania, or aggressive behavior.

      4. GROWTH MONITORING: Height and weight will be monitored in children during treatment.

      5. DOSING: Take exactly as prescribed. First dose upon awakening. Avoid late afternoon/evening doses. Do not crush or chew extended-release capsules.

      6. PREGNANCY/NURSING: Tell your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.

      7. GENERIC SUBSTITUTION: Extended-release generics may have different release characteristics. Discuss any changes with your doctor.

      8. DRIVING: May cause dizziness; use caution until effects are known.

      9. MISSED DOSE: If missed in morning, do not take in afternoon/evening. Resume next morning.

      10. SUPPLY ISSUES: There have been recurring shortages. Plan ahead for refills.
  brandMappings:
    - brandName: Evekeo
      rxcui: "1600688"
      region: US
    - brandName: Dyanavel
      rxcui: "1720587"
      region: US
    - brandName: Adzenys
      rxcui: "1739804"
      region: US
    - brandName: Mydayis
      rxcui: "1927611"
      region: US
    - brandName: Adderall
      rxcui: "84815"
      region: US
    - brandName: Adderall XR
      rxcui: ""
      region: US
  synonyms:
    - name: amphetamine aspartate
      type: chemical
      source: RxNorm
    - name: amphetamine aspartate monohydrate
      type: chemical
      source: RxNorm
    - name: amphetamine saccharate
      type: chemical
      source: RxNorm
    - name: amphetamine sulfate
      type: chemical
      source: RxNorm
    - name: Evekeo
      type: brand
      source: RxNorm
    - name: Dyanavel
      type: brand
      source: RxNorm
    - name: Adzenys
      type: brand
      source: RxNorm
    - name: Mydayis
      type: brand
      source: RxNorm
    - name: Adderall
      type: brand
      source: RxNorm
    - name: amphetamine
      type: generic
      source: RxNorm
  relatedDrugs:
    - rxcui: "1009145"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 1.875 MG / amphetamine sulfate 1.875 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.875 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.875 MG Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1600695"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 10 MG Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1720586"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 2.5 MG/ML Extended Release Suspension
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1739803"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 12.5 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1739813"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 15.7 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1739819"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 18.8 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1739825"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 3.1 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1739831"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 6.3 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1739837"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 9.4 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1927610"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 12.5 MG / amphetamine sulfate 12.5 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 12.5 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 12.5 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1927617"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 6.25 MG / amphetamine sulfate 6.25 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 6.25 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 6.25 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1927630"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 3.125 MG / amphetamine sulfate 3.125 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.125 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.125 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1927637"
      name: 3-Bead 24 HR amphetamine aspartate 9.375 MG / amphetamine sulfate 9.375 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 9.375 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 9.375 MG Extended Release Oral Capsule
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1945840"
      name: amphetamine 1.25 MG/ML Extended Release Suspension
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "2118895"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 5 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "2118896"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 10 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "2118898"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 15 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "2118900"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 20 MG Disintegrating Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "2585460"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 10 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "2585462"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 15 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet
      tty: SCD
      relationship: clinical_drug
    - rxcui: "1009147"
      name: amphetamine aspartate 1.875 MG / amphetamine sulfate 1.875 MG / dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.875 MG / dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.875 MG Oral Tablet [Adderall]
      tty: SBD
      relationship: branded_drug
    - rxcui: "1600698"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 10 MG Oral Tablet [Evekeo]
      tty: SBD
      relationship: branded_drug
    - rxcui: "1600700"
      name: amphetamine sulfate 5 MG Oral Tablet [Evekeo]
      tty: SBD
      relationship: branded_drug
    - rxcui: "1720592"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 2.5 MG/ML Extended Release Suspension [Dyanavel]
      tty: SBD
      relationship: branded_drug
    - rxcui: "1739809"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 12.5 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      relationship: branded_drug
    - rxcui: "1739815"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 15.7 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      relationship: branded_drug
    - rxcui: "1739821"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 18.8 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      relationship: branded_drug
    - rxcui: "1739827"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 3.1 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      relationship: branded_drug
    - rxcui: "1739833"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 6.3 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      relationship: branded_drug
    - rxcui: "1739839"
      name: 24 HR amphetamine 9.4 MG Extended Release Oral Tablet [Adzenys]
      tty: SBD
      relationship: branded_drug
  lastUpdated: 2025-12-04
lastUpdated: 2025-12-04
sources:
  - https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-medications-list-chart-stimulants-nonstimulants/
  - https://interacnetwork.com/navigating-stimulant-therapy-for-adult-adhd-in-japan-regulations-and-considerations/
  - https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/treating-and-dealing-adhd
notes:
  en: Primarily a US medication. Illegal in Japan. Not available in most of Europe. Often associated with college student misuse. Significant supply shortages in US during 2022-2023.
  zh: 主要是美国药物。在日本为非法。欧洲大部分地区不可用。常与大学生滥用相关。2022-2023年美国出现严重供应短缺。
  ja: 主に米国の薬。日本では違法。ヨーロッパのほとんどの地域で利用不可。大学生の乱用と関連することが多い。2022-2023年に米国で深刻な供給不足が発生。
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